Including siblings in music therapy - a scoping review

Abstract

This scoping review examines current research and clinical practice concerning sibling inclusion in music therapy, exploring how sibling participation is described, in what settings, and with what objectives. Sibling relationships are integral to psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence, yet their involvement in music therapy remains underexamined compared to parent-child dynamics. This review included music therapeutic models, programmes, or interventions documented in literature that incorporate siblings of minor age in music therapy sessions or processes, excluding records focused exclusively on parent-child dynamics. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (Scopus, MEDLINE/Pubmed, PsycArticles, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest) and three journals (Journal of Music Therapy, Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, British Journal of Music Therapy) was conducted in 2024. Keywords included “Sibling”, “Brother”, “Sister”, “Family” and “Music Therapy”. Twenty-eight records met the inclusion criteria. Sibling inclusion was most prevalent in medical and palliative care settings, aiming to foster sibling relationships, enhance family cohesion, and promote coping. Intervention strategies included songwriting, improvisation, structured group activities, and legacy projects. Sessions varied in frequency and duration, with settings ranging from family homes to hospitals. While qualitative insights were rich, quantitative evidence was limited. Findings highlighted music therapy’s potential to strengthen sibling relationships, reduce rivalry, facilitate coping and emotional expression and enhance family cohesion. However, sibling inclusion often occurred incidentally. Four gaps were identified: (i) family-centred versus sibling-specific approaches; (ii) research–practice disparity; (iii) contextual influences; (iv) shifting perspectives. Addressing these gaps requires prioritising siblings as active agents and developing intentional, structured approaches, supported by research.